dzisiaj notka wyjątkowo po polsku, żeby wyjaśnić tę strukturę gramatyczną. Jest ona wbrew pozorom bardzo logiczna, dlatego mam nadzieję, że informacje zawarte w tym poście rozwieją ostatnie wątpliwości. Gdyby jednak ciągle coś było niejasne, piszcie w komentarzach!
Czas Past Perfect Simple składa się z
1. osoby 2. moderatora "had" 3. czasownika z ostatniej tabelki Past Participle
I had seen her before we oficially met.
She hadn't told him the truth so eventually he realised that.
Czasu Past Perfect Simple używamy kiedy:
1) Mówimy o wydarzeniu z przeszłości poprzedzającym inne przeszłe wydarzenie i pokazujemy ich kolejność, np:
- Ona zjadła kanapki zanim siadła do stołu
-> She had eaten her sandwiches before she sat at the table.
Widać kolejność czynności:
1. najdalej w przeszłości
2. wydarzenie w przeszłości po 1.
- Ona zdążyła napisać wszystkie listy zanim przybył jej szef.
-> She had already typed all the letters before her boss arrived
- Do czasu gdy zdecydowali się kupić kanapę, wszystkie zostały wyprzedane
-> By the time they decided to buy a couch, they all had been sold out.
2) Odpowiednik czasu Present Perfect w przeszłości:
- Bob had always dreamt of being in a musical, but he never got a chance
-> Bob zawsze marzył o wystąpieniu w musicalu, ale nigdy nie miał takiej okazji
- Tom has always dreamt of being in a musical; he might make it one day
-> Tom od zawsze marzył o wystąpieniu w musicalu; może mu się kiedyś uda
3) Popularne okoliczniki czasu:
by the time - do czasu gdy
before - zanim
after - po
until- do czasu, dopóki
4) Zastosowanie:
W sprawozdaniach, historyjkach, anegdotkach - często używane naprzemiennie z Past Simple.
Jeśli mówisz o jednym zdarzeniu w przeszłości, użyj Past Simple!
Czas Present Perfect Continuous skłąda się z
I / We | had been | eating
You | had been | drawing
She / He / They | had been | talking
1. osoby 2. moderatora "had" 3. "been" 4. bezokolicznika z końcówką -ing
I had been studying all night before he interrupted me.
They had been laughing till their stomachs started to hurt.
1) Past Perfect Continuous używany jest w takich samych okolicznościach jak Past Perfect Simple, ale pokazuje długotrwałość danej czynności.
- Alice had been preparing all night until her parents came
-> Alice przygotowywała się całą noc dopóki nie przyszli jej rodzice.
Widać kolejność czynności:
1. najdalej w przeszłości
2. wydarzenie w przeszłości po 1.
-ing pokazuje, ze był to proces długotrwały, np: dwie godziny, cały wieczór, kilka dni, parę miesięcy, kilka lat
- The students had been trying to surprise the teacher, but they failed.
-> Uczniowie starali się zaskoczyć nauczyciela, ale im się nie udało.
2) Kiedy widać rezultat jakiegoś wydarzenia z przeszłości
- She had been painting the room, so she was covered in paint.
-> Malowała swój pokój, więc była umazana farbą
- They had been fighting very long, so they were exhausted after a few hours.
-> Kłócili się bardzo długo, dlatego byli wykończeni po kilku godzinach.
3) Popularne okoliczniki czasu:
since/for - odkąd/przez
before - zanim
until - dopóki, do czasu
4) Zastosowanie:
Kiedy chcemy podkreślić długość wykonywania jakiejś czynności.
Kiedy chcemy pokazać skutek długotrwałej czynności.
Kiedy chcemy pokazać skutek długotrwałej czynności.
PRACTICE:
1. Wstaw właściwą formę czasownika.- The boy was delighted with his new bike. He ...................(dream) about it for a long time.
- Before he told her the news, he ............(try) to contact her for some time.
- The car worked, but the mechanic...............(repair) it for a few hours.
- The door was still wet. My father .................(paint) them.
- George was tired. He.........(work) in the garden very hard.
- When the factory changed its owner, I .......................(work) there for 6 months.
- When the doctor told him he was seriously ill, he...............(smoke) cigarettes for a long time.
- He.........(think) about finding a new job for about a year before he finally gave up his old job.
- My child ............(eat) too much chocolate, that is why he was so ill.
- They.................(build) the house for many years before they took a loan.
1. ............................ there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
a. had you been waiting b.had been waiting c. you had been waiting
a. had you been waiting b.had been waiting c. you had been waiting
2. They ..................... for over an hour before they entered
a. had been talking b. had talking c. had talked
a. had been talking b. had talking c. had talked
3. I .................... English very long before I moved to London.
a.had been not studying b. had not been studying c. hadn't studying
a.had been not studying b. had not been studying c. hadn't studying
4. Jason ................ because he ......................
a. was tired, working b. was tired, had been working c. was tired, had worked
a. was tired, working b. was tired, had been working c. was tired, had worked
5. Betty........... the final test because she ........................ hard.
a. had been failing, didn't study b. failed, had not been studying c. failed, studied
a. had been failing, didn't study b. failed, had not been studying c. failed, studied
6. Kate.................. there for a few hours when we arrived.
a. only had been waiting b. had been only waiting c. had only been waiting
a. only had been waiting b. had been only waiting c. had only been waiting
7. James............. at this school for more than a year before he .............. the job.
a. had been teaching, changed b. had teaching , had changing c. were teaching, changed
a. had been teaching, changed b. had teaching , had changing c. were teaching, changed
8. .....................for days so when they finally left?
a.had it been rain b. had the rain been raining c. had it been raining
a.had it been rain b. had the rain been raining c. had it been raining
9. We ...............................for ten minutes when the light went off.
a.had been only watching b. had only been watching c. only had been watching
a.had been only watching b. had only been watching c. only had been watching
10. He said he ................for some time
a. had been practicing b. had been practice c. was practicing
a. had been practicing b. had been practice c. was practicing
Hm... zastanawiałaś się może nad zawodem nauczyciela? Świetnie tłumaczysz. Po przeczytaniu tak krótkiego posta zrozumiałam więcej niż po kilkunastu lekcjach angielskiego;)
ReplyDeleteHeh, owszem, rozwazam taka opcje i chyba ma to jakis sens, skoro udalo mi sie tobie z powodzeniem przyblizyc te strukture gramatyczna (PS, jestem za granica, nie mam polskim znakow). Ciesze sie niezmiernie, ze post okazal sie przydatny i gdybys miala inne pytania albo watpliwosci, pisz smialo! Pozdrawiam,
ReplyDeleteRaszka